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Despite advances made in preventing transmission, HIV-positive women still face discrimination regarding their reproductive choices. [60] [61] In Asia, it was found that half the women living with HIV were advised not to have children and as many as 42% report being denied health services because of their HIV status. [62]
The cardinal was highly criticized by the world health community, who were trying to promote condom use as a way to prevent the spread of HIV. [91] [92] The WHO later conducted a study showing that condoms are 90% effective at preventing HIV. [90] In 2001, the United States began a war in Afghanistan related to fighting the Taliban.
Moreover, medicine has further decreased the frequency of vertical transmission of HIV. The incidence of perinatal HIV cases in the United States has declined as a result of the implementation of recommendations on HIV counselling and voluntary testing practices and the use of zidovudine therapy by providers to reduce perinatal HIV transmission ...
Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals. [6] It may be used to prevent mother-to-child spread during birth or after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure. [6]
HIV became the leading cause of death for African-American women aged 25–44. [34] 1994 On August 5, the US Public Health Service recommended that HIV-positive women take ZDV (AZT) to reduce the chance for perinatal transmission (infection through birth) of HIV, citing an ACTG 076 study that concluded that the drug reduces transmission by up ...
Treatment as prevention has been used as a form of controlling the spread of HIV since the mid-1990s, initially in the context of preventing the transmission of the virus from mothers to their children. Research in 1994 revealed how the drug zidovudine can reduce vertical transmission. [14]
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