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Rectangular drainage pattern. Rectangular drainage develops on rocks that are of approximately uniform resistance to erosion, but which have two directions of jointing at approximately right angles or 90 degrees. The joints are usually less resistant to erosion than the bulk rock so erosion tends to preferentially open the joints and streams ...
C is the flow coefficient for the structure (on average a figure of 3.33), L is the width of the crest, H is the height of head of water over the crest, n varies with structure (e.g., 3 ⁄ 2 for horizontal weir, 5 ⁄ 2 for v-notch weir).
Storm drain grate on a street in Warsaw, Poland Storm drain with its pipe visible beneath it due to construction work. A storm drain, storm sewer (United Kingdom, U.S. and Canada), highway drain, [1] surface water drain/sewer (United Kingdom), or stormwater drain (Australia and New Zealand) is infrastructure designed to drain excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces such as paved ...
Headward erosion creates three major kinds of drainage patterns: dendritic patterns, trellis patterns, and rectangular and angular patterns. Dendritic patterns form in homogenous landforms where the underlying bedrock has no structural control over where the water flows. They have a very characteristic pattern of branching at acute angles with ...
Schematic cross section of a pressurized caisson. In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson 'box', from Italian cassone 'large box', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure [1] used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ships.
The location of a sewer manhole must be carefully considered to ensure that the drainage system is effective and easy to maintain. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] According to design standards, the distance between two manholes is typically between 7 and 20 meters, depending on the specific characteristics of the project.
The force on a rectangular flood gate can be calculated by the following equation: = where: F = force measured in newtons (N) p = pressure = measured in pascal (Pa) where: ρ is the density of fresh water (1000 kg/m 3); g is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth (9.8 m/s 2);
Vibro stone columns or aggregate piers are an array of crushed stone pillars placed with a vibrating tool into the soil below a proposed structure. This method of ground improvement is also called vibro replacement. Such techniques increase the load bearing capacity and drainage of the soil while reducing settlement and liquefaction potential ...