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Fossil fuel phase-out is the gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels to zero, to reduce air pollution, limit climate change, and strengthen energy independence. It is part of the ongoing renewable energy transition , but is being hindered by fossil fuel subsidies .
However, aims of phasing out fossil fuels and petroleum use may also present economic benefits such as increased investment. This strategy may help achieve social goals for example reduction in pollution which might translate to better environmental and health outcomes. [76]
Since a large share of air pollution is caused by combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, the reduction of these fuels can reduce air pollution drastically. Most effective is the switch to clean power sources such as wind power , solar power , hydro power which do not cause air pollution. [ 219 ]
Clean burning fuels and electricity are unavailable in rural parts and small towns of India because of limited and deteriorating infrastructure. Air pollution in India is a serious issue, with the major sources being biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission, and traffic congestion.
The impact on wildlife stems primarily from disturbing, removing and redistributing the land surface. Some impacts are short-term and confined to the mine site however others have far-reaching, long-term effects. The most direct effect on wildlife is destruction or displacement of species in areas of excavation and spoil piling.
The health and environmental impact of transport is significant because transport burns most of the world's petroleum. This causes illness and deaths from air pollution , including nitrous oxides and particulates , and is a significant cause of climate change through emission of carbon dioxide .
Cement production (burning of fossil fuels) (4%) is estimated at 1.42 GtCO 2; Land-use change (LUC) is the imbalance of deforestation and reforestation. Estimations are very uncertain at 4.5 GtCO 2. Wildfires alone cause annual emissions of about 7 GtCO 2 [97] [98] Non-energy use of fuels, carbon losses in coke ovens, and flaring in crude oil ...
The energy policy of India is characterized by trade-offs between four major drivers: A rapidly growing economy, with a need for dependable and reliable supply of electricity, gas, and petroleum products; [25] Increasing household incomes, with a need for an affordable and adequate supply of electricity, and clean cooking fuels; limited ...