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Alcohol intoxication, also known in overdose as alcohol poisoning, [1] commonly described as drunkenness or inebriation, [9] is the behavior and physical effects caused by a recent consumption of alcohol. [6][10] In addition to the toxicity of ethanol, the main psychoactive component of alcoholic beverages, other physiological symptoms may ...
Methanol toxicity. Methanol toxicity (also methanol poisoning) is poisoning from methanol, characteristically via ingestion. [1] Symptoms may include a decreased level of consciousness, poor or no coordination, vomiting, abdominal pain, and a specific smell on the breath. [1][2] Decreased vision may start as early as twelve hours after exposure ...
Flurazepam, now rarely prescribed in the United Kingdom and Australia, had the highest fatal toxicity index of any benzodiazepine (15.0) followed by Temazepam (11.9), versus 5.9 for benzodiazepines overall, taken with or without alcohol. [36] Etizolam overdose deaths are rising - for instance, the National Records of Scotland report on drug ...
Timeline of US drug overdose death rates by race and ethnicity. [4] Rate per 100,000 population. The word "overdose" implies that there is a common safe dosage and usage for the drug; therefore, the term is commonly applied only to drugs, not poisons, even though many poisons as well are harmless at a low enough dosage.
Complications of overdose can include noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. [2] If death occurs this is typically due to a lack of breathing. [3] Barbiturate overdose may occur by accident or purposefully in an attempt to cause death. [3] The toxic effects are additive to those of alcohol and benzodiazepines. [3]
The antidotes for ethylene glycol poisoning are ethanol and fomepizole. This antidotal treatment forms the mainstay of management of ethylene glycol poisoning. The toxicity of ethylene glycol comes from its metabolism to glycolic acid and oxalic acid. The goal of pharmacotherapy is to prevent the formation of these metabolites.
Diazepam. Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. [14] It is used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. [14]
Antidote. An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. [1] The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον (pharmakon antidoton), " (medicine) given as a remedy". Antidotes for anticoagulants are sometimes referred to as reversal agents.