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Natural-gas processing is a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing contaminants such as solids, water, carbon dioxide (CO 2), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), mercury and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce pipeline quality dry natural gas [1] for pipeline distribution and final use. [2]
How is natural gas processed for sale and consumption? Natural gas withdrawn from natural gas or crude oil wells is called wet natural gas because, along with methane, it usually contains NGLs—ethane, propane, butanes, and pentanes—and water vapor. Wellhead natural gas may also contain nonhydrocarbons such as sulfur, helium, nitrogen ...
Natural gas extraction: how is natural gas collected? First, a test well confirms that the deposit has enough natural gas and extracting it can be cost-effective. Then new production wells will be drilled. Oil extraction often comes with natural gas extraction.
Natural gas is produced from onshore and offshore natural gas and oil wells and from coalbeds. In 2022, U.S. dry natural gas production was about 13% higher than total U.S. natural gas consumption. Domestic production fullfills most U.S. natural gas consumption, so the United States imports some natural gas to help supply domestic demand.
Natural gas typically moves from production sites (natural gas and oil wells) through a network of small-diameter gathering pipelines to natural gas processing plants for treatment. Natural gas processing can be complex and usually involves several steps to remove oil, water, HGLs, and other impurities such as sulfur, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen ...
Understanding the basics and key components of natural gas processing is essential for appreciating the complexities and advancements within the industry. From initial separation to final treatment, each stage plays a vital role in ensuring that natural gas is safe, efficient, and ready for use.
Natural gas processing consists of separating all of the various hydrocarbons and impurities from the raw natural gas to produce what is termed “pipeline quality” dry natural gas. The chapter also explores that raw natural gas comes from three types of wells such as oil wells.
In general, natural gas processing includes the following steps: Condensate and Water Removal. Acid Gas Removal. Dehydration – moisture removal. Mercury Removal. Nitrogen Rejection. NGL Recovery, Separation, Fractionation, and Treatment of Natural Gas Liquids.
In a simple compression gas-processing plant, field gas is charged to an inlet scrubber, where entrained liquids are removed. The gas is then successively compressed and cooled. As the pressure is increased and the temperature reduced, water vapour in the gas condenses.
The process of methanogens creating natural gas (methane) is called methanogenesis. Although most biogenic methane escapes into the atmosphere, there are new technologies being created to contain and harvest this potential energy source. Thermogenic methane—the natural gas formed deep beneath Earth’s surface—can also escape into the ...