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Every positive integer greater than 1 is either the product of two or more integer factors greater than 1, in which case it is called a composite number, or it is not, in which case it is called a prime number. For example, 15 is a composite number because 15 = 3 · 5, but 7 is a prime number because it cannot be decomposed in this way.
In computer science, an AVL tree (named after inventors A delson- V elsky and L andis) is a self-balancing binary search tree. In an AVL tree, the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one; if at any time they differ by more than one, rebalancing is done to restore this property.
Factor graph. A factor graph is a bipartite graph representing the factorization of a function. In probability theory and its applications, factor graphs are used to represent factorization of a probability distribution function, enabling efficient computations, such as the computation of marginal distributions through the sum–product algorithm.
B-tree. In computer science, a B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. The B-tree generalizes the binary search tree, allowing for nodes with more than two children. [2]
In computer science, a tree is a widely used abstract data type that represents a hierarchical tree structure with a set of connected nodes. Each node in the tree can be connected to many children (depending on the type of tree), but must be connected to exactly one parent, [1] except for the root node, which has no parent (i.e., the root node ...
Branching factor. In computing, tree data structures, and game theory, the branching factor is the number of children at each node, the outdegree. If this value is not uniform, an average branching factor can be calculated. For example, in chess, if a "node" is considered to be a legal position, the average branching factor has been said to be ...
A simple B+ tree example linking the keys 1–7 to data values d 1-d 7. The linked list (red) allows rapid in-order traversal. This particular tree's branching factor is =4. Both keys in leaf and internal nodes are colored gray here. By definition, each value contained within the B+ tree is a key contained in exactly one leaf node.
John Hull and Alan White, "One factor interest rate models and the valuation of interest rate derivative securities," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol 28, No 2, (June 1993) pp. 235–254. John Hull and Alan White, "Pricing interest-rate derivative securities", The Review of Financial Studies, Vol 3, No. 4 (1990) pp. 573–592.