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The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
Ugarit, where the Hurrian songs were found. The complete song is one of about 36 such hymns in cuneiform writing, found on fragments of clay tablets excavated in the 1950s from the Royal Palace at Ugarit (present-day Ras Shamra, Syria), [5] in a stratum dating from the fourteenth century BC, [6] but is the only one surviving in substantially complete form.
Cuneiform [note 1] is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write numerous languages of the Ancient Near East. [3] The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. [4] Cuneiform scripts are marked by and named for the characteristic wedge-shaped impressions (Latin: cuneus) which form their ...
Proto-cuneiform emerged in what is now labeled the Uruk IV period (c. 3300 BC), and its use continued through the later Uruk III period (c. 3200-2900 BC), also called the Jemdat Nasr period. The script slowly evolved over time, with signs changing and merging. [ 19 ]
Assyriology (from Greek Ἀσσυρίᾱ, Assyriā; and -λογία, -logia), also known as Cuneiform studies or Ancient Near East studies, [1] [2] is the archaeological, anthropological, historical, and linguistic study of the cultures that used cuneiform writing.
The Legend of Isis and the Name of Re: 12–14: The God and His Unknown Name of Power: Astarte and the Insatiable Sea: 1.23: The Legend of Astarte and the Tribute of the Sea: 17–18: Astarte and the Tribute of the Sea: Book of the Heavenly Cow: 1.24: The Destruction of Mankind: 10: Deliverance of Mankind from Destruction: Great Hymn to the ...
This tiny 4,000-year-old cuneiform tells a big story about past civilizations. ... Archaeologists discovered a small, clay tablet covered in cuneiform in the ancient ruins of Alalah, a major ...
The Kesh temple hymn, Liturgy to Nintud, or Liturgy to Nintud on the creation of man and woman, is a Sumerian tablet, written on clay tablets as early as 2600 BCE. [1] Along with the Instructions of Shuruppak , it is the oldest surviving literature in the world.