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In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the form of energy that it possesses due to its motion. [1] In classical mechanics, the kinetic energy of a non-rotating object of mass m traveling at a speed v is . [2]
In physics, particularly in mechanics, specific kinetic energy is a fundamental concept that refers to the kinetic energy per unit mass of a body or system of bodies in motion. The specific kinetic energy of a system is a crucial parameter in understanding its dynamic behavior and plays a key role in various scientific and engineering applications.
Specific mechanical energy, rather than simply energy, is often used in astrodynamics, because gravity changes the kinetic and potential specific energies of a vehicle in ways that are independent of the mass of the vehicle, consistent with the conservation of energy in a Newtonian gravitational system.
Thus, the ratio of the kinetic energy to the absolute temperature of an ideal monatomic gas can be calculated easily: per mole: 12.47 J/K; per molecule: 20.7 yJ/K = 129 μeV/K; At standard temperature (273.15 K), the kinetic energy can also be obtained: per mole: 3406 J; per molecule: 5.65 zJ = 35.2 meV.
Total energy is the sum of rest energy = and relativistic kinetic energy: = = + Invariant mass is mass measured in a center-of-momentum frame. For bodies or systems with zero momentum, it simplifies to the mass–energy equation E 0 = m 0 c 2 {\displaystyle E_{0}=m_{0}c^{2}} , where total energy in this case is equal to rest energy.
Temperature is a statistical quantity whose formal definition is = (),, or the change in internal energy with respect to entropy, holding volume and particle number constant. A practical definition comes from the fact that the atoms, molecules, or whatever particles in a system have an average kinetic energy.
In analytical mechanics, the mass matrix is a symmetric matrix M that expresses the connection between the time derivative ˙ of the generalized coordinate vector q of a system and the kinetic energy T of that system, by the equation
R = 8.314 J/(K mol) is the universal gas constant, and "f" is the number of thermodynamic (quadratic) degrees of freedom, counting the number of ways in which energy can occur. Any atom or molecule has three degrees of freedom associated with translational motion (kinetic energy) of the center of mass with respect