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The health and environmental impact of transport is significant because transport burns most of the world's petroleum.This causes illness and deaths from air pollution, including nitrous oxides and particulates, and is a significant cause of climate change through emission of carbon dioxide.
Fine particulate matter is a health concern because very fine particles can reach the deepest regions of the lungs. Health effects include asthma, difficult or painful breathing, and chronic bronchitis, especially in children and the elderly. [8] Air Toxics: The EPA lists over 1100 individual compounds which are classified as air toxics. These ...
EPA's greenhouse gas score [28] reflects the amount of greenhouse gases a vehicle will produce over its lifetime, based on typical consumer usage. The scoring is from 0 to 10, where 10 represents the lowest amount of greenhouse gases. The Greenhouse gas score is determined from the vehicle's estimated fuel economy and its fuel type.
The new rules, which take effect for model years 2027 through 2032, will avoid up to 1 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions over the next three decades and provide $13 billion in net benefits ...
Section 202(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act requires the Administrator of the EPA to establish standards "applicable to the emission of any air pollutant from…new motor vehicles or new motor vehicle engines, which in [her] judgment cause, or contribute to, air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare" (emphasis added). [3]
Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines.The primary emissions studied include hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides.
Brake wear gets released into the air as particulate matter. [1] [5] When applying pressure to the braking system forces the two together, Standard frictional brakes on a vehicle function under the friction between a brake pad and a rotating disc or drum. The frictional process causes abrasion of the brake pad and the surface of the disc or ...
About 16% of manmade carbon dioxide is from road transport, [17] mostly passenger vehicles. [18] Gasoline cars with less than two passengers produce more carbon dioxide per passenger kilometer than any other form of land transport. [19] The changing speed of a vehicle is a factor when considering the measurement of greenhouse gas emissions ...