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Globular proteins are somewhat water-soluble (forming colloids in water), unlike the fibrous or membrane proteins. [1] There are multiple fold classes of globular proteins, since there are many different architectures that can fold into a roughly spherical shape. The term globin can refer more specifically to proteins including the globin fold. [2]
A fibrous protein's peptide sequence often has limited residues with repeats; these can form unusual secondary structures, such as a collagen helix. The structures often feature cross-links between chains (e.g., cys-cys disulfide bonds between keratin chains). Fibrous proteins tend not to denature as easily as globular proteins.
They are one of the common types of protein along with soluble globular proteins, fibrous proteins, and disordered proteins. [5] They are targets of over 50% of all modern medicinal drugs. [ 6 ] It is estimated that 20–30% of all genes in most genomes encode membrane proteins.
Proteins can be informally divided into three main classes, which correlate with typical tertiary structures: globular proteins, fibrous proteins, and membrane proteins. Almost all globular proteins are soluble and many are enzymes.
Membrane proteins, like soluble globular proteins, fibrous proteins, and disordered proteins, are common. [9] It is estimated that 20–30% of all genes in most genomes encode for membrane proteins.
The globulins are a family of globular proteins that have higher molecular weights than albumins and are insoluble in pure water but dissolve in dilute salt solutions. Some globulins are produced in the liver, while others are made by the immune system.
Fibrin (also called Factor Ia) is a fibrous, non-globular protein involved in the clotting of blood. It is formed by the action of the protease thrombin on fibrinogen, which causes it to polymerize. The polymerized fibrin, together with platelets, forms a hemostatic plug or clot over a wound site.
Lamins are fibrous proteins having structural function in the cell nucleus. In metazoan cells, there are A and B type lamins, which differ in their length and pI. Human cells have three differentially regulated genes. B-type lamins are present in every cell.