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Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances. International units are used to quantify vitamins and biologics ( hormones , some medications , vaccines , blood products and similar biologically ...
Hydrogen peroxide–urea (also called Hyperol, artizone, urea hydrogen peroxide, and UHP) is a white crystalline solid chemical compound composed of equal amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea. It contains solid and water -free hydrogen peroxide, which offers a higher stability and better controllability than liquid hydrogen peroxide when used ...
Dialkyl peroxides, e.g., dicumyl peroxide, are synthesized by addition of hydrogen peroxide to alkenes or by O-alkylation of hydroperoxides. Diacyl peroxides are typically prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides in the presence of base: [1] H 2 O 2 + 2 RCOCl → (RCO 2) 2 + 2 HCl H 2 O 2 + (RCO) 2 O → ...
Hydrogen peroxide works best as a propellant in extremely high concentrations (roughly over 70%). Although any concentration of peroxide will generate some hot gas (oxygen plus some steam), at concentrations above approximately 67%, the heat of decomposing hydrogen peroxide becomes large enough to completely vaporize all the liquid at standard pressure.
It is produced by treating sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide. Peroxymonophosphoric acid (H 3 PO 5) is prepared similarly. [2] Some peroxy acids are only hypothetical, but their anions are known. This is the case for peroxycarbonate [3] and perborate (see sodium perborate). [4]
The FOX reagent, or ferrous oxidation−xylenol orange, is used to measure levels of hydrogen peroxide in biological systems. [1] The reagent is incubated with the sample and absorbance of the product form after a series of oxidation reactions is then measured at a wavelength of 560 nm.
Performic acid is synthesized by the reaction of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide by the following equilibrium reaction: . Synthesis of Performic acid. Synthesis of pure performic acid has not been reported, but aqueous solutions up to about 48% can be formed by simply mixing equimolar amounts of concentrated aqueous reactant solutions. [4]