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It is the primary species for commercial production of tea tree oil (melaleuca oil), a topical treatment. [14] Tea tree oil is commonly used as a treatment for acne, although evidence is limited that it is effective for this purpose. [11] [15] If ingested, tea tree oil is toxic with serious side effects, including coma, and may cause skin ...
Tea tree oil, also known as melaleuca oil, is an essential oil with a fresh, camphoraceous odour and a colour that ranges from pale yellow to nearly colourless and clear. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is derived from the leaves of the tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia , native to southeast Queensland and the northeast coast of New South Wales , Australia.
A primary constituent of tea tree oil, [1] it is obtained as an extract from the leaves, branches, and bark of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel. [2] [3] [4] Despite considerable basic and preliminary clinical research of terpinen-4-ol and tea tree oil, its biological properties and potential for clinical uses have not been established as of 2019. [2]
Other options include topical or systemic spironolactone or flutamide, although they have a high incidence of feminising side effects and are better tolerated in female androgenic hair loss. More advanced cases may be resistant or unresponsive to medical therapy, however, and require hair transplantation .
Tea tree oil appears to be approximately as effective as benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid but is associated with allergic contact dermatitis. [1] Proposed mechanisms for tea tree oil's anti-acne effects include antibacterial action against C. acnes and anti-inflammatory properties. [ 66 ]
[1] [2] It is applied to the affected area as a lotion or shampoo. [3] Symptoms frequently return if treatment is stopped. [4] Side effects may include hair discoloration, skin irritation, and risk of systemic absorption and toxicity, among others. [1] Use is not recommended in children less than 2–5 years old.