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This op amp was based on a descendant of Loebe Julie's 1947 design and, along with its successors, would start the widespread use of op amps in industry. GAP/R model P45: a solid-state, discrete op amp (1961). 1961: A discrete IC op amp. With the birth of the transistor in 1947, and the silicon transistor in 1954, the concept of ICs became a ...
The input offset voltage is a parameter defining the differential DC voltage required between the inputs of an amplifier, especially an operational amplifier (op-amp), to make the output zero (for voltage amplifiers, 0 volts with respect to ground or between differential outputs, depending on the output type).
where Z dif is the op-amp's input impedance to differential signals, and A OL is the open-loop voltage gain of the op-amp (which varies with frequency), and B is the feedback factor (the fraction of the output signal that returns to the input). [3] [4] In the case of the ideal op-amp, with A OL infinite and Z dif infinite, the input impedance ...
As with the standard op-amp, practical OTA's have some non-ideal characteristics. These include: Input stage non-linearity at higher differential input voltages due to the characteristics of the input stage transistors. In the early devices, such as the CA3080, the input stage consisted of two bipolar transistors connected in the differential ...
A log amplifier, which may spell log as logarithmic or logarithm and which may abbreviate amplifier as amp or be termed as a converter, is an electronic amplifier that for some range of input voltage has an output voltage approximately proportional to the logarithm of the input:
Referring to the above diagram, if the op-amp is assumed to be ideal, then the voltage at the inverting (-) input is held equal to the voltage at the non-inverting (+) input as a virtual ground. The input voltage passes a current V in / R 1 {\displaystyle V_{\text{in}}/{R_{1}}} through the resistor producing a compensating current flow through ...
Representative schematic of a current-feedback op-amp or amplifier. The current-feedback operational amplifier ( CFOA or CFA ) is a type of electronic amplifier whose inverting input is sensitive to current , rather than to voltage as in a conventional voltage-feedback operational amplifier (VFA).
The open-loop gain is a physical attribute of an operational amplifier that is often finite in comparison to the ideal gain. While open-loop gain is the gain when there is no feedback in a circuit, an operational amplifier will often be configured to use a feedback configuration such that its gain will be controlled by the feedback circuit components.