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Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares is strongly related with the theory of Gaussian primes.. A Gaussian integer is a complex number + such that a and b are integers. The norm (+) = + of a Gaussian integer is an integer equal to the square of the absolute value of the Gaussian integer.
In 1736, Leonhard Euler published a proof of Fermat's little theorem [1] (stated by Fermat without proof), which is the restriction of Euler's theorem to the case where n is a prime number. Subsequently, Euler presented other proofs of the theorem, culminating with his paper of 1763, in which he proved a generalization to the case where n is ...
According to the fundamental lemma of calculus of variations, the part of the integrand in parentheses is zero, i.e. ′ = which is called the Euler–Lagrange equation. The left hand side of this equation is called the functional derivative of J [ f ] {\displaystyle J[f]} and is denoted δ J {\displaystyle \delta J} or δ f ( x ...
Euler's great interest in number theory can be traced to the influence of his friend in the St. Peterburg Academy, Christian Goldbach. A lot of his early work on number theory was based on the works of Pierre de Fermat, and developed some of Fermat's ideas. One focus of Euler's work was to link the nature of prime distribution with ideas in ...
Fermat's last theorem Fermat's last theorem, one of the most famous and difficult to prove theorems in number theory, states that for any integer n > 2, the equation a n + b n = c n has no positive integer solutions. Fermat's little theorem Fermat's little theorem field extension A field extension L/K is a pair of fields K and L such that K is ...
Fermat's Last Theorem states that no three positive integers (a, b, c) can satisfy the equation a n + b n = c n for any integer value of n greater than 2. (For n equal to 1, the equation is a linear equation and has a solution for every possible a and b.
The works of the 17th-century mathematician Pierre de Fermat engendered many theorems. Fermat's theorem may refer to one of the following theorems: Fermat's Last Theorem, about integer solutions to a n + b n = c n; Fermat's little theorem, a property of prime numbers; Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares, about primes expressible as a sum of ...
In mathematics, an odd composite integer n is called an Euler pseudoprime to base a, if a and n are coprime, and / ()(where mod refers to the modulo operation).. The motivation for this definition is the fact that all prime numbers p satisfy the above equation which can be deduced from Fermat's little theorem.