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A compound semiconductor is a semiconductor compound composed of chemical elements of at least two different species. These semiconductors form for example in periodic table groups 13–15 (old groups III–V), for example of elements from the Boron group (old group III, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium) and from group 15 (old group V, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth).
A fourth element is often added to a I-III-VI 2 material to tune the bandgap for maximum solar cell efficiency. A representative example is copper indium gallium selenide (CuIn x Ga (1– x ) Se 2 , E g = 1.7–1.0 eV for x = 0–1 [ 1 ] ), which is used in copper indium gallium selenide solar cells .
LM393 differential comparator manufactured by National Semiconductor. The following is a list of LM-series integrated circuits.Many were among the first analog integrated circuits commercially produced since late 1965; [1] some were groundbreaking innovations [opinion].
A semiconductor device is an electronic component that relies on the electronic properties of a semiconductor material (primarily silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors) for its function. Its conductivity lies between conductors and insulators. Semiconductor devices have replaced vacuum tubes in
In electronics and semiconductor physics, the law of mass action relates the concentrations of free electrons and electron holes under thermal equilibrium. It states that, under thermal equilibrium , the product of the free electron concentration n {\displaystyle n} and the free hole concentration p {\displaystyle p} is equal to a constant ...
Mathematical Methods in Electronics Engineering involves applying mathematical principles to analyze, design, and optimize electronic circuits and systems. Key areas include: [1] [2] Linear Algebra: Used to solve systems of linear equations that arise in circuit analysis. Applications include network theory and the analysis of electrical ...
Absorption is the active process in photodiodes, solar cells and other semiconductor photodetectors, while stimulated emission is the principle of operation in laser diodes. Besides light excitation, carriers in semiconductors can also be generated by an external electric field, for example in light-emitting diodes and transistors.
The term solid-state became popular at the beginning of the semiconductor era in the 1960s to distinguish this new technology. A semiconductor device works by controlling an electric current consisting of electrons or holes moving within a solid crystalline piece of semiconducting material such as silicon, while the thermionic vacuum tubes it replaced worked by controlling a current of ...