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A compound semiconductor is a semiconductor compound composed of chemical elements of at least two different species. These semiconductors form for example in periodic table groups 13–15 (old groups III–V), for example of elements from the Boron group (old group III, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium) and from group 15 (old group V, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth).
A fourth element is often added to a I-III-VI 2 material to tune the bandgap for maximum solar cell efficiency. A representative example is copper indium gallium selenide (CuIn x Ga (1– x ) Se 2 , E g = 1.7–1.0 eV for x = 0–1 [ 1 ] ), which is used in copper indium gallium selenide solar cells .
In electronics and semiconductor physics, the law of mass action relates the concentrations of free electrons and electron holes under thermal equilibrium. It states that, under thermal equilibrium , the product of the free electron concentration n {\displaystyle n} and the free hole concentration p {\displaystyle p} is equal to a constant ...
[6] A few of the properties of semiconductor materials were observed throughout the mid-19th and first decades of the 20th century. The first practical application of semiconductors in electronics was the 1904 development of the cat's-whisker detector, a primitive semiconductor diode used in early radio receivers.
Doping of a pure silicon array. Silicon based intrinsic semiconductor becomes extrinsic when impurities such as boron and antimony are introduced.. In semiconductor production, doping is the intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic (undoped) semiconductor for the purpose of modulating its electrical, optical and structural properties.
A semiconductor device is an electronic component that relies on the electronic properties of a semiconductor material (primarily silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors) for its function. Its conductivity lies between conductors and insulators. Semiconductor devices have replaced vacuum tubes in
II-VI semiconductor compounds are produced with epitaxy methods, like most semiconductor compounds. [2] The substrate plays an important role for all fabrication methods. Best growth results are obtained by substrates made from the same compound ( homoepitaxy ), but substrates of other semiconductors are often used to reduce the fabrication ...
Semiconductor characterization techniques are used to characterize a semiconductor material or device (p–n junction, Schottky diode, solar cell, etc.).Some examples of semiconductor properties that could be characterized include the depletion width, carrier concentration, carrier generation and recombination rates, carrier lifetimes, defect concentration, and trap states.