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Einstein himself considered the introduction of the cosmological constant in his 1917 paper founding cosmology as a "blunder". [3] The theory of general relativity predicted an expanding or contracting universe, but Einstein wanted a static universe which is an unchanging three-dimensional sphere, like the surface of a three-dimensional ball in four dimensions.
[A 1] [A 2] [A 3] Though some of these criticisms had the support of reputable scientists, Einstein's theory of relativity is now accepted by the scientific community. [ 1 ] Reasons for criticism of the theory of relativity have included alternative theories, rejection of the abstract-mathematical method, and alleged errors of the theory.
[8] Einstein's paper, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, is a polished work that bears few traces of its gestation. Documentary evidence concerning the development of the ideas that went into it consist of, quite literally, only two sentences in a handful of preserved early letters, and various later historical remarks by Einstein himself ...
Einstein in 1916 proposed the existence of gravitational waves as an outgrowth of his ground-breaking general theory of relativity, which depicted gravity as a distortion of space and time ...
Einstein's 18 November paper on the perihelion motion of Mercury, which still refers to the incomplete field equations of 4 and 11 November. (The perihelion motion depends only on the vacuum equations, which are unaffected by the trace term that was added to complete the field equations.)
Analysis of the 1931 paper shows that, given the contemporaneous Hubble constant of 500 km s −1 Mpc −1, Einstein's estimates of cosmic density, radius and timespan should have been ρ ~ 10 −28 g/cm 3, P ~ 10 8 light-years and t ~ 10 9 years respectively. One line on the blackboard, not included in the published paper, makes the nature of ...
Albert Einstein. Relativity: the Special and the General Theory, 10th edition (there are a total of 17 editions). ISBN 0-517-029618 at Project Gutenberg; Relativity: The Special and General Theory public domain audiobook at LibriVox; Albert Einstein, Relativity: The Special and General Theory (1920/2000) ISBN 1-58734-092-5 at Bartleby.com
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