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Canada had also practiced segregation, and a Canadian Ku Klux Klan exists. [34] [35] Racial profiling occurs in cities such as Halifax, Toronto and Montreal. [36] [37] Black people made up 3% of the Canadian population in 2016, and 9% of the population of Toronto (which has the largest communities of Caribbean and African immigrants). [38]
Another prominent challenge pertains to the concept of 'racial profiling', especially in interactions between law enforcement and certain racialized communities. A notable incident occurred in the summer of 2008 in Montréal Nord. A clash between the police and locals led to a young Latino's fatal shooting, subsequently triggering unrest in the ...
Racial profiling or ethnic profiling is the offender profiling, selective enforcement or selective prosecution based on race or ethnicity, rather than individual suspicion or evidence. This practice involves discrimination against minority populations and often relies on negative stereotypes .
"This (racial disparity in the justice system) is shameful," he said. "The reason the numbers are so high is due in good part to current sentencing laws, which focus on punishment."
In Canada, speaking out in 2016 in response to a recent case of racial profiling in a retail setting, former Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia Mayann Francis, the first African Nova Scotian to serve as the province's chief executive and representative of the Queen, stated that she was the target of racial profiling while shopping at least once ...
Printed copies of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada. [19] The Charter guarantees political, mobility, and equality rights and fundamental freedoms such as freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and freedom of religion for private individuals and some organisations. [20]
Opponents have called it unconstitutional and said will lead to racial profiling. A federal judged in late February blocked the law from being implemented while its legality plays out in court.
The continued use of racial categories has been criticized. Apart from the general controversy regarding race, some argue that the continued use of racial categories in health care and as risk factors could result in increased stereotyping and discrimination in society and health services.