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Vernicia fordii (usually known as the tung tree (Chinese: 桐, tóng) and also as the tung-oil or tungoil tree , the kalo nut tree, and the China wood-oil tree) is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. [2] [3] It is native to southern China, Myanmar, and northern Vietnam. [4]
Toxic insects, primarily beetles, in the diets of these toxic birds are the most common sources for the bird’s toxicity. In the New Guinea bird species of Pitohui and Ifrita, the beetles of genus Choresine , natively known as nanisani , are pivotal food sources, and toxin sources, of these birds.
Although the plant is toxic to many birds and other animals, the black-spined iguana (Ctenosaura similis) is known to eat the fruit and even live among the limbs of the tree. [ 10 ] The tree contains 12-deoxy-5-hydroxyphorbol-6-gamma-7-alpha-oxide, hippomanins, mancinellin, and sapogenin .
These seeds are easily carried to different places by birds and water. Tallow trees can remain productive for 100 years. [17] It is also extremely hard to kill—its poisonous features in its leaves and berries leave it with few to no predators, and its short generation time means even freshly cut trees can quickly regrow. [13]
The plant is regarded as one of the most toxic plants in Namibia, but specific studies into its toxicity are not known. It has been reported that the toxic milky latex of the plant is capable of killing animals and humans except rhino and oryx who feed upon it. [3]
Euphorbia as a small tree: Euphorbia dendroides. Euphorbia is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the family Euphorbiaceae.. Euphorbias range from tiny annual plants to large and long-lived trees, [2] with perhaps the tallest being Euphorbia ampliphylla at 30 m (98 ft) or more.
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Euphorbia ingens is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. [2] It is native to dry areas of southern Africa. It is popularly known as the candelabra tree or naboom. Its milky latex can be extremely poisonous and is a dangerous irritant. [4]