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On September 6, 1966, Title 5 was enacted as positive law by Pub. L. 89–554 (80 Stat. 378).Prior to the 1966 positive law recodification, Title 5 had the heading, "Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees."
Merit Systems Protection Board: III: 1300–1399: Office of Management and Budget: V: 1500–1599: The International Organizations Employees Loyalty Board: VI: 1600–1699: Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board: VIII: 1800–1899: Office of Special Counsel: IX: 1900–1999: Appalachian Regional Commission: XI: 2100–2199: Armed Forces ...
In the aftermath of World War II, Congress drafted legislation that attempted to address three (sometimes competing) objectives: create "uniform" rules for officer management between Army and Navy (and later Air Force), promote a "young and vigorous" officer corps, and retain the capacity to rapidly remobilize if necessary. [4]
The competitive service is a part of the United States federal government civil service.Applicants for jobs in the competitive civil service must compete with other applicants in open competition under the merit system administered by the Office of Personnel Management, unlike applicants in the excepted service and Senior Executive Service.
From 5 U.S.C. § 2103: (a) For the purpose of this title, the excepted service consists of those civil service positions which are not in the competitive service or the Senior Executive Service. (b) As used in other Acts of the United States Congress, “unclassified civil service” or “unclassified service” means the “excepted service”.
The United States Office of Special Counsel (OSC) is a permanent independent federal investigative and prosecutorial agency whose basic legislative authority comes from four federal statutes: the Civil Service Reform Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act, the Hatch Act, and the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA).
The text of the APA can be found under Title 5 of the United States Code, beginning at Section 500. There is a similar Model State Administrative Procedure Act (Model State APA), which was drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws for oversight of state agencies. [ 5 ]
Rank was determined by merit, through the civil service examinations, and education became the key for social mobility. [2] After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the nine-rank system was established during the Three Kingdoms period. The concept of a merit system spread from China to British India during the 17th century, and then into continental ...