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In a notable study of power conducted by social psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven in 1959, power is divided into five separate and distinct forms. [1] [2] They identified those five bases of power as coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert.
Military power pertains to “the social organization of concentrated and lethal violence.” Political power is “the centralized and territorial regulation of social life.” [14] In this model: Counter to Marx, none of these sources of power is seen as determinative in the last instance. [15] and
Coming from Max Weber's definition of power, [25] he realizes that the term power has to be split into "instructive power" and "destructive power". [ 26 ] : 105 [ 27 ] : 126 More precisely, instructive power means the chance to determine the actions and thoughts of another person, whereas destructive power means the chance to diminish the ...
This new area drawing upon works by Alexis de Tocqueville, James Bryce, Robert Michels, Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, and Karl Marx to understand an integral theme of political sociology: power. [4] Power's definition for political sociologists varies across the approaches and conceptual framework utilised within this interdisciplinary study. At ...
In philosophy, political science and sociology, elite theory is a theory of the state that seeks to describe and explain power relations in society.In its contemporary form in the 21st century, elite theory posits that (1) power in larger societies, especially nation-states, is concentrated at the top in relatively small elites; (2) power "flows predominantly in a top-down direction from ...
According to Weber, the ability to possess power derives from the individual's ability to control various "social resources". "The mode of distribution gives to the propertied a monopoly on the possibility of transferring property from the sphere of use as 'wealth' to the sphere of 'capital,' that is, it gives them the entrepreneurial function and all chances to share directly or indirectly in ...
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Conflict theories are perspectives in political philosophy and sociology which argue that individuals and groups (social classes) within society interact on the basis of conflict rather than agreement, while also emphasizing social psychology, historical materialism, power dynamics, and their roles in creating power structures, social movements, and social arrangements within a society.