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Let be a real-valued monotone function defined on an interval. Then the set of discontinuities of the first kind is at most countable.. One can prove [5] [3] that all points of discontinuity of a monotone real-valued function defined on an interval are jump discontinuities and hence, by our definition, of the first kind.
The term monotonic transformation (or monotone transformation) may also cause confusion because it refers to a transformation by a strictly increasing function. This is the case in economics with respect to the ordinal properties of a utility function being preserved across a monotonic transform (see also monotone preferences ). [ 5 ]
A function that is absolutely monotonic on [,) can be extended to a function that is not only analytic on the real line but is even the restriction of an entire function to the real line. The big Bernshtein theorem : A function f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} that is absolutely monotonic on ( − ∞ , 0 ] {\displaystyle (-\infty ,0]} can be ...
The function in example 1, a removable discontinuity. Consider the piecewise function = {< = >. The point = is a removable discontinuity.For this kind of discontinuity: The one-sided limit from the negative direction: = and the one-sided limit from the positive direction: + = + at both exist, are finite, and are equal to = = +.
A natural follow-up question one might ask is if there is a function which is continuous on the rational numbers and discontinuous on the irrational numbers. This turns out to be impossible. The set of discontinuities of any function must be an F σ set. If such a function existed, then the irrationals would be an F σ set.
A function : defined on an interval is said to be operator monotone if whenever and are Hermitian matrices (of any size/dimensions) whose eigenvalues all belong to the domain of and whose difference is a positive semi-definite matrix, then necessarily () where () and () are the values of the matrix function induced by (which are matrices of the same size as and ).
From January 2008 to July 2008, if you bought shares in companies when Richard C. Holbrooke joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a -60.3 percent return on your investment, compared to a -15.2 percent return from the S&P 500.
In this way any monotone function can be written in a unique way as the sum of a continuous monotone function and a jump function. Since the formula for H ( x ) {\displaystyle H(x)} is a positive combination of characteristic functions, it is a uniformly convergent sum, so the analysis of Riesz & Sz.-Nagy (1990 , pp. 13–15) is particularly ...