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Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL15 gene.IL-15 is an inflammatory cytokine with structural similarity to Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Like IL-2, IL-15 binds to and signals through a complex composed of IL-2/IL-15 receptor beta chain and the common gamma chain (gamma-C, CD132).
The genome and proteins of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) have been the subject of extensive research since the discovery of the virus in 1983. [1] [2] "In the search for the causative agent, it was initially believed that the virus was a form of the Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), which was known at the time to affect the human immune system and cause certain leukemias.
In HIV-1, the 5'UTR region has been characterized according to functional and structural differences into several sub-regions: TAR, or trans-activation response element, plays a critical role in transcriptional activation via its interaction with viral proteins.
The IL-15 receptor is composed of three subunits: IL-15R alpha, CD122, and CD132. Two of these subunits, CD122 and CD132, are shared with the receptor for IL-2 , but IL-2 receptor has an additional subunit ( CD25 ).
Due to their shared receptor usage, IL-2 and IL-15 exhibit many similarities in their effects on lymphoid cells. [3] Although the receptors for IL-2 and IL-15 share many structural analogies, two significant differences persist: Firstly, IL-15Rα has a broader expression compared to IL-2Rα, IL-2Rβ, and γc.
(This is the interim African Region version for persons aged 15 years or more who have had a positive HIV antibody test or other laboratory evidence of HIV infection) (The United Nations defines adolescents as persons aged 10−19 years but for surveillance purposes, the category of adults and adolescents comprises people aged 15 years and over)
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