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Semi-empirical ozone depletion potential, ODP (normalized to be 1 for R-11) Net global warming potential , GWP, over a 100-year time horizon (normalized to be 1 for R-744 , carbon dioxide) Occupational exposure limit / permissible exposure limit in parts per million (volume per volume) over a time-weighted average (TWA) concentration for a ...
The ozone depletion potential (ODP) of a chemical compound is the relative amount of degradation to the ozone layer it can cause, with trichlorofluoromethane (R-11 or CFC-11) being fixed at an ODP of 1.0. Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), for example, has an ODP of 0.05. CFC 11, or R-11 has the maximum potential amongst chlorocarbons because of the ...
Because of its reduced global warming potential (GWP), R-454B is intended to be an alternative to refrigerant R-410A in new equipment. [2] [3] [4] R-454B has a GWP of 466, which is 78 percent lower than R-410A's GWP of 2088. [2] R-454B is non-toxic and mildly flammable, with an ASHRAE safety classification of A2L. In the United States, it is ...
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are often substituted for R-22 because of their lower ozone depletion potential, but these refrigerants often have a higher GWP. R-410A, for example, is often substituted, but has a GWP of 2088. Another substitute is R-404A with a GWP of 3900. Other substitute refrigerants are available with low GWP.
However, like methane, R-410A has a global warming potential (GWP) that is appreciably worse than CO 2 (GWP = 1) for the time it persists. R-410A is a mixture of 50% HFC-32 and 50% HFC-125. HFC-32 has a 4.9 year lifetime and a 100-year GWP of 675 and HFC-125 has a 29-year lifetime and a 100-year GWP of 3500.
Its ozone depletion potential is ODP = 0.012, and global warming potential is GWP = 76. HCFC-123 will eventually be phased out under the current schedule of the Montreal Protocol. It was discontinued in new HVAC equipment in 2020 in developed countries but will still be produced for service use of HVAC equipment until 2030.
HFO refrigerants are categorized as having zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP) and so offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to CFC, HCFC, and HFC refrigerants.
R-12 has the highest ozone depletion potential among chlorocarbons due to the presence of 2 chlorine atoms in the molecule. R-12 also has intense global warming potential (GWP) with the 20yr, 100yr and 500yr GWP being 11400, 11200 and 5100 times greater than CO 2 .