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Hydrocyclones are a type of cyclonic separators that separate product phases mainly on basis of differences in gravity with aqueous solutions as the primary feed fluid. As opposed to dry or dust cyclones, which separate solids from gasses, hydrocyclones separate solids or different phase fluids from the bulk fluid.
A hydrocyclone removes entrained oil and solids from produced water which then passes to the degasser and can then either be re-injected into the reservoir or dumped overboard. Induced gas flotation plant is used when the hydrocyclone / degasser plant cannot achieve the oil-in-water specification.
In this case the degasser may also act as a surge drum to ensure a steady flow of water to the treatment plant. Alternatively, it can be located downstream of produced water hydrocyclones. [4] In either case the degasser provides sufficient residence time to allow dissolved or entrained gases to be released from the produced water stream.
Over the life of a production system, the separator is expected to process a wide range of produced fluids. With break through from water flood and expanded gas lift circulation, the produced fluid water cut and gas-oil ratio is ever changing. In many instances, the separator fluid loading may exceed the original design capacity of the vessel.
When the water cut becomes high, or when a workover is considered, the economics will be evaluated [1] and may favor the installation of DOWS technology so that the waste water does not need to be treated at the surface. In those cases, the economics may favor injection of the produced water into a different permeable zone accessible to the ...
A high-speed rotating (air)flow is established within a cylindrical or conical container called a cyclone. Air flows in a helical pattern, beginning at the top (wide end) of the cyclone and ending at the bottom (narrow) end before exiting the cyclone in a straight stream through the center of the cyclone and out the top.
The water from each stage is recycled to the previous hydrocyclones to ensure the maximum amount of starch is separated. A very high purity of starch (>99.5% db) can be recovered by wet-milling. Purity is important when the end product is high- fructose corn syrup or starch to be modified (using chemicals or enzymes) but it is not important ...
A typical gravimetric API separator. An API oil–water separator is a device designed to separate gross amounts of oil and suspended solids from industrial wastewater produced at oil refineries, petrochemical plants, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants and other industrial oily water sources.