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As C is random, no constant rate is available. There may be a chance that information rate may go below to required threshold level. For slow fading channel, outage probability = P(C < r) = P(log 2 (1 + h 2 SNR) < r), where r is the required threshold information rate.
The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.
In statistics, an effect size is a value measuring the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population, or a sample-based estimate of that quantity. It can refer to the value of a statistic calculated from a sample of data, the value of one parameter for a hypothetical population, or to the equation that operationalizes how statistics or parameters lead to the effect size ...
The data set [90, 100, 110] has more variability. Its standard deviation is 10 and its average is 100, giving the coefficient of variation as 10 / 100 = 0.1; The data set [1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 40, 65, 88] has still more variability. Its standard deviation is 32.9 and its average is 27.9, giving a coefficient of variation of 32.9 / 27.9 = 1.18
The true-positive rate is also known as sensitivity or probability of detection. [1] The false-positive rate is also known as the probability of false alarm [1] and equals (1 − specificity). The ROC is also known as a relative operating characteristic curve, because it is a comparison of two operating characteristics (TPR and FPR) as the ...
2.1 Aggregate recession predictor. ... The formula to calculate the M-score is: [1] ... The threshold value is -1.78 for the model whose coefficients are reported ...
Conversely, the measure is symmetric when the change decreases by an equivalent amount e.g. a halving is equal to a log 2 fold change of −1, a quartering is equal to a log 2 fold change of −2 and so on. This leads to more aesthetically pleasing plots, as exponential changes are displayed as linear and so the dynamic range is increased.
The false discovery rate (FDR) is then simply the following: [1] = = [], where [] is the expected value of . The goal is to keep FDR below a given threshold q . To avoid division by zero , Q {\displaystyle Q} is defined to be 0 when R = 0 {\displaystyle R=0} .