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This process of the second bacterial cell taking up new genetic material is called transformation. In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane (s).
Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector. [ 1 ] An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer. [ 2 ] Transduction does not require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and the cell receiving the DNA ...
Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. [1] [2] It may also refer to other methods and cell types, although other terms are often preferred: "transformation" is typically used to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells, including plant cells.
In molecular biology, transformation efficiency is a crucial parameter, it is used to evaluate the ability of different methods to introduce plasmid DNA into cells and to compare the efficiency of different plasmid, vectors and host cells. This efficiency can be affected by a number of factors, including the method used for introducing the DNA ...
Genetic recombination. A model of meiotic recombination, initiated by a double-strand break or gap, followed by pairing with an homologous chromosome and strand invasion to initiate the recombinational repair process. Repair of the gap can lead to crossover (CO) or non-crossover (NCO) of the flanking regions.
A dragonfly in its final moult, undergoing metamorphosis, it begins transforming from its nymph form to an adult. Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. [1]
Competence factor. Incorporation of exogenous plasmid (purple circle) into cell's DNA (black squiggle) by competence machinery (blue boxes) The ability of a cell to successfully incorporate exogenous DNA, or competency, is determined by competence factors. These factors consist of certain cell surface proteins and transcription factors that ...
Biological processes are made of many chemical reactions or other events that are involved in the persistence and transformation of life forms. [1] Regulation of biological processes occurs when any process is modulated in its frequency, rate or extent. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene ...