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American inventor Leonarde Keeler testing his improved polygraph on Arthur Koehler, a former witness for the prosecution at the 1935 trial of Richard Hauptmann. A polygraph, often incorrectly referred to as a lie detector test, [1] [2] [3] is a pseudoscientific [4] [5] [6] device or procedure that measures and records several physiological indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration ...
Contrary to a traditional polygraph (also known as a lie detector) that relies on changes to sweat glands as nervous responses to determine the subject's honesty, brain fingerprinting is entirely concealed in the brain's responses to stimuli. [7] This makes the technique harder to resist or beat, making it a more reliable method of detecting lies.
The most common and long used measure is the polygraph. A comprehensive 2003 review by the National Academy of Sciences of existing research concluded that there was "little basis for the expectation that a polygraph test could have extremely high accuracy."
He postulated that lying requires increased brain activity compared to truth because the truth must be suppressed, essentially creating more work for the brain. In 2001, he published his first work with lie detection using a modified form of the Guilty Knowledge Test, which is sometimes used in polygraph tests. [3]
John Augustus Larson (11 December 1892 – 1 October 1965) was a police officer and forensic psychiatrist and became famous for his invention of the modern polygraph device used in forensic investigations. [1] He was the first American police officer with an academic doctorate and to use the polygraph in criminal investigations.
Integrity testing for employment selection became popular during the 1980s. [2] Human Resources personnel found integrity tests were an improvement over polygraph tests. Polygraph tests were no longer able to be used for screening of most future employees in the United States due to the Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 (EPPA). [2]
The American Polygraph Association (APA) is a professional association of polygraph examiners. It was established in 1966. It has about 2,800 members. The organization offers its members publications and conferences related to polygraphy, as well as employment services and public referrals for its members.
Douglas Gene Williams [1] (October 6, 1945 [2] – March 19, 2021 [3]) was an American critic of polygraph tests. Williams administered polygraph tests for US law enforcement and private companies but came to consider the tests unreliable and harmful. [4]