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The MD5 hash functions as a compact digital fingerprint of a file. As with all such hashing algorithms, there is theoretically an unlimited number of files that will have any given MD5 hash. However, it is very unlikely that any two non-identical files in the real world will have the same MD5 hash, unless they have been specifically created to ...
MurmurHash is a non-cryptographic hash function suitable for general hash-based lookup. [1] [2] [3] It was created by Austin Appleby in 2008 [4] and, as of 8 January 2016, [5] is hosted on GitHub along with its test suite named SMHasher.
FIPS PUB 198-1 The Keyed-Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC) [14] NIST SP800-185 SHA-3 Derived Functions: cSHAKE, KMAC, TupleHash, and ParallelHash [15] ISO/IEC 9797-1 Mechanisms using a block cipher [16] ISO/IEC 9797-2 Mechanisms using a dedicated hash-function [17] ISO/IEC 9797-3 Mechanisms using a universal hash-function [18]
This design makes it easy to reuse Ascon in multiple ways (as a cipher, hash, or a MAC). [4] As of February 2023, the Ascon suite contained seven ciphers, [3] including: [5] Ascon-128 and Ascon-128a authenticated ciphers; Ascon-Hash cryptographic hash; Ascon-Xof extendable-output function; Ascon-80pq cipher with an "increased" 160-bit key.
The sponge construction for hash functions. P i are blocks of the input string, Z i are hashed output blocks. In cryptography, a sponge function or sponge construction is any of a class of algorithms with finite internal state that take an input bit stream of any length and produce an output bit stream of any desired length. Sponge functions ...
This is especially true of cryptographic hash functions, which may be used to detect many data corruption errors and verify overall data integrity; if the computed checksum for the current data input matches the stored value of a previously computed checksum, there is a very high probability the data has not been accidentally altered or corrupted.
Remote attestation: Creates a nearly unforgeable hash key summary of the hardware and software configuration. One could use the hash to verify that the hardware and software have not been changed. The software in charge of hashing the setup determines the extent of the summary.
GnuPG is a hybrid-encryption software program because it uses a combination of conventional symmetric-key cryptography for speed, and public-key cryptography for ease of secure key exchange, typically by using the recipient's public key to encrypt a session key which is used only once.