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The Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury’s 24/7 live chat outreach center (also at 866-966-1020 or email resources@dcoeoutreach.org). The Pentagon website Military OneSource for short-term, non-medical counseling. Veterans can call, text or chat with the Veterans Crisis Line. Dial 800-273-8255.
Trauma-informed care can play a large role in both the treatment of trauma and prevention of violence. Survivors of violence have a re-injury rate ranging from 16% to 44%. [104] Proponents argue that TIC is necessary to interrupt this broader cycle of violence, as studies show that medical treatment alone does not protect survivors from re-injury.
The relative risk of post-traumatic seizures (PTS) increases with the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI). [128] A CT of the head years after a traumatic brain injury showing an empty space where the damage occurred marked by the arrow. Improvement of neurological function usually occurs for two or more years after the trauma.
More than 50% of patients who suffer from a traumatic brain injury will develop psychiatric disturbances. [6] Although precise rates of anxiety after brain injury are unknown, a 30-year follow-up study of 60 patients found 8.3% of patients developed a panic disorder, 1.7% developed an anxiety disorder, and 8.3% developed a specific phobia. [7]
In the United States, over 800,000 patients a year are hospitalized because of a fall injury, most often because of a head injury or hip fracture. [43] Motor vehicle crashes are the second most common mechanism of injury among geriatric adults, and the most common cause of traumatic mortality. [44]
Evidence-based, trauma-focused psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for PTSD. [1] [2] [3] Psychotherapy is defined as a treatment where a therapist and patient build a therapeutic relationship and focus on the patient's thoughts, attitudes, affect, behavior, and social development to lessen the patient's psychopathologies and functional impairment.
Traumatic brain injury may cause damage to the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, and deficiencies of pituitary hormones (hypopituitarism) can cause similar symptoms to post-concussion syndrome; in these cases, symptoms can be treated by replacing any hormones that are deficient. [medical citation needed]
Prognosis, or the likely progress of a disorder, depends on the nature, location, and cause of the brain damage (see Traumatic brain injury, Focal and diffuse brain injury, Primary and secondary brain injury). In children with uncomplicated minor head injuries the risk of intracranial bleeding over the next year is rare at 2 cases per 1 million ...