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Zavegepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist. [1] It is sprayed into the nose. [1] It is sold by Pfizer. [1] The most common adverse reactions include taste disorders, nausea, nasal discomfort, and vomiting. [1] Zavegepant was approved for medical use in the United States in March 2023. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Salmon calcitonin (sCT) [1] is the type of calcitonin hormone found in salmon. [ 2 ] Similar to humans, salmon calcitonin is a peptide hormone produced in the ultimobranchial region by parafollicular cells in response to hypercalcemia and lowers blood calcium and phosphate by promoting renal excretion.
Xylometazoline, also spelled xylomethazoline, is a medication used to reduce symptoms of nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. [2] It is used directly in the nose as a spray or drops. [3] Side effects include trouble sleeping, irritation of the nose, nausea, nosebleed (3%), period pain (10%) and headache (3%).
Calcitonin has short absorption and elimination half-lives of 10–15 minutes and 50–80 minutes, respectively. Salmon calcitonin is primarily and almost exclusively degraded in the kidneys, forming pharmacologically inactive fragments of the molecule.
Decongestant nasal sprays are advised for short-term use only, preferably 5 to 7 days at maximum. Some doctors advise to use them 3 days at maximum. A recent clinical trial has shown that a corticosteroid nasal spray may be useful in reversing this condition. [3] Topical nasal decongestants include: Oxymetazoline; Phenylephrine; Xylometazoline
Nasal spray LAIVs have been used since the late 1980s as an alternative to the injectable influenza vaccine. [3] Nasal influenza vaccines have become popular as they reduce the risk of intramuscular injuries from administration and are painless. They can also be given more easily to patients because they do not require a needle. FluMist ...
Ciclesonide, sold under the brand name Omnaris among others, is a glucocorticoid used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis.. Side effects of the medication include headache, nosebleeds, and inflammation of the nose and throat linings.
Narcan nasal spray was approved in the US in 2015 and is the first FDA-approved nasal spray for emergency treatment or suspected overdose. [41] [42] It was developed in a partnership between LightLake Therapeutics and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. [43] The approval process was fast-tracked. [44]