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  2. Lemon v. Kurtzman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_v._Kurtzman

    Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602 (1971), was a case argued before the Supreme Court of the United States. [1] The court ruled in an 8–0 decision that Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act (represented through David Kurtzman) from 1968 was unconstitutional and in an 8–1 decision that Rhode Island's 1969 Salary Supplement Act was unconstitutional, violating the ...

  3. Mitchell v. Helms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_v._Helms

    Mitchell v. Helms, 530 U.S. 793 (2000), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it was permissible for loans to be made to religious schools under Chapter 2 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981.

  4. Endorsement test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorsement_test

    The endorsement test proposed by United States Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor in the 1984 case of Lynch v. Donnelly asks whether a particular government action amounts to an endorsement of religion, thus violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. According to the test, a government action is invalid if it creates a ...

  5. Westside Community Board of Education v. Mergens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westside_Community_Board...

    In Part III of Justice O'Connor's opinion, which did not reach a majority of the Court, she applied the Lemon Test to find that the Equal Access Act is constitutional as applied in this case. Justice Kennedy, meanwhile, analyzed the application of the Act under different Court precedents, focusing more upon "coercion".

  6. Separation of church and state in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_church_and...

    Since that decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose.

  7. Van Orden v. Perry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Orden_v._Perry

    ACLU of Kentucky, a similar case challenging a display of the Ten Commandments at two county courthouses in Kentucky. The Supreme Court ruled on June 27, 2005, by a vote of 5 to 4, that the display was constitutional. The Court chose not to employ the oft-used Lemon test in its analysis, reasoning that the display at issue was a "passive monument."

  8. Supreme Court faces its greatest test yet from Trump - AOL

    www.aol.com/supreme-court-may-not-escape...

    On Thursday, the nine justices will hear a case with critical implications for the 2024 election – over the Colorado Supreme Court’s decision to remove Trump from the ballot over the 14th ...

  9. Burger Court - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burger_Court

    The court held that this violated the Establishment Clause, and the court created the Lemon test to determine whether a law is constitutional under the Establishment Clause. New York Times v. United States (1971): In a 6–3, per curiam decision, the court allowed The New York Times and The Washington Post to publish the Pentagon Papers.

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