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Discoloration of the front teeth is one of the most common reasons people seek dental care. [10] However, many people with teeth of normal shade ask for them to be whitened. [10] Management of tooth discoloration depends on the cause. Most discoloration is harmless and may or may not be of cosmetic concern to the individual.
As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous iron. [ 6 ] [ 2 ] Specifically, it is used to treat methemoglobin levels that are greater than 30% or in which there are symptoms despite oxygen therapy . [ 2 ]
Dental fluorosis is a common [2] disorder, characterized by hypocalcification of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. [3] [needs update] Dental fluorosis appears as a range of visual changes in enamel [4] causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration, and, in some
Tooth whitening or tooth bleaching is the process of lightening the colour of human teeth. [1] Whitening is often desirable when teeth become yellowed over time for a number of reasons, and can be achieved by changing the intrinsic or extrinsic colour of the tooth enamel. [2]
Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.
The diagnosis of pulp necrosis can be based on the following observations: negative vitality, a periapical radiolucency, a grey tooth discoloration and even peri-apical lesions. [17] This altered translucency in the tooth is due to disruption and cutting off of the apical neurovascular blood supply. [18]
Tooth decay is caused by certain types of acid-producing bacteria which cause the most damage in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose. [49] [50] The resulting acidic levels in the mouth affect teeth because a tooth's special mineral content causes it to be sensitive to low pH.
The human body needs iron for oxygen transport. Oxygen (O 2) is required for the functioning and survival of nearly all cell types. Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the rest of the body bound to the heme group of hemoglobin in red blood cells. In muscles cells, iron binds oxygen to myoglobin, which regulates its release.