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Freedom of information laws allow access by the general public to data held by national governments and, where applicable, by state and local governments. The emergence of freedom of information legislation was a response to increasing dissatisfaction with the secrecy surrounding government policy development and decision making. [1]
Rank Country Index 1 Norway 6.72 2 Finland 6.99 3 Sweden 7.24 4 Denmark 8.57 5 Netherlands 9.67 6 Portugal 10.11 7 Switzerland 10.55 8 Belgium 11.69 9 Ireland ...
Jurisdiction Legislation Section Implemented Ref Argentina Personal Data Protection Act (2000) § 27: October 30, 2000 [2] [3] Australia Spam Act 2003: Part 2: 12 December 2003
All EU member states adopted legislation pursuant this directive or adapted their existing laws. Each country also has its own supervisory authority to monitor the level of protection. [12] Because of this, in theory the transfer of personal information from the EU to the US is prohibited when equivalent privacy protection is not in place in ...
The right of access to public information is a component of the fundamental right of freedom of expression set forth by Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) which states that the fundamental right of freedom of expression encompasses the freedom "to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and ...
List of sovereign states; List of political and geographic subdivisions by total area, comparing continents, countries, and first-level administrative country subdivisions. List of first-level administrative divisions by population; List of FIPS region codes in FIPS 10-4, withdrawn from the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) in 2008
The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political.Fifty generally recognised sovereign states, Kosovo with limited, but substantial, international recognition, and four largely unrecognised de facto states with limited to no recognition have territory in Europe and/or membership in international European ...
There are three types of government systems in European politics: in a presidential system, the president is the head of state and the head of government; in a semi-presidential system, the president and the prime minister share a number of competences; finally, in a parliamentary republic, the president is a ceremonial figurehead who has few political competences.