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Waterlogged wood is a wooden object that has been submerged or partially submerged in water and has affected the original intended purpose or look of the object. . Waterlogged wood objects can also include wood found within moist soil from archaeological sites, underwater archaeology, maritime debris, or damaged w
Peat swamp forests occur where waterlogged soils prevent dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing, which over time creates thick layer of acidic peat.The peat swamp forests on Borneo occur in the Indonesian state of Kalimantan, the Malaysian state of Sarawak and in the Belait District of Brunei on coastal lowlands, built up behind the brackish mangrove forests and bounded by the Borneo ...
The spongy, unstable, waterlogged, anaerobic beds of peat can be up to 20 m (66 ft) deep with low pH (pH 2.9 – 4) and low nutrients, and the forest floor is seasonally flooded. [22] The water is stained dark brown by the tannins that leach from the fallen leaves and peat – hence the name blackwater swamps .
The major archaeological problem with waterlogged finds, particularly wood, is that they deteriorate rapidly when they are uncovered, beginning to dry and crack almost at once. They therefore need to be kept wet until treated in a laboratory. Conservation measures explain why wet archaeology costs around four times as much as dry archaeology.
A joint UK-Indonesian study of the timber industry in Indonesia as a whole in 1998 suggested that about 40% of the throughput of timber was illegal, with a value in excess of $365 million. [14] More recent estimates, comparing legal harvesting against known domestic consumption plus exports, suggest that 88% of logging in the country is illegal ...
The wood was slowly dried at the York Archaeological Trust after it had been immersed for 18 months in polyethylene glycol, a chemical which penetrated the wood and provided strength. [ 2 ] The boat's conservation was completed at a cost of £119,000 and the object is now on display at the Derby Museum and Art Gallery.
An alder carr at Moor Park, Farnham, Surrey in England, UK. A carr is a type of waterlogged wooded terrain that, typically, represents a succession stage between the original reedy marsh and the likely eventual formation of forest in a sub [clarification needed]-maritime climate. [1]
Underwater logging is the process of logging trees from underwater forests. When artificial reservoirs and dams are built, large areas of forest are often inundated; although the trees die, the wood is often preserved.