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A generic potential energy well. A potential well is the region surrounding a local minimum of potential energy.Energy captured in a potential well is unable to convert to another type of energy (kinetic energy in the case of a gravitational potential well) because it is captured in the local minimum of a potential well.
The electric potential and the magnetic vector potential together form a four-vector, so that the two kinds of potential are mixed under Lorentz transformations. Practically, the electric potential is a continuous function in all space, because a spatial derivative of a discontinuous electric potential yields an electric field of impossibly ...
Summary of electrostatic relations between electric potential, electric field and charge density. Here, r = x − x ′ {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} =\mathbf {x} -\mathbf {x'} } . If the electric field in a system can be assumed to result from static charges, that is, a system that exhibits no significant time-varying magnetic fields, the system ...
The electrostatic potential energy U E stored in a system of two charges is equal to the electrostatic potential energy of a charge in the electrostatic potential generated by the other. That is to say, if charge q 1 generates an electrostatic potential V 1 , which is a function of position r , then U E = q 2 V 1 ( r 2 ) . {\displaystyle U ...
Quantum well; Potential well; Finite potential well; Infinite potential well; Double-well potential; Semicircular potential well; Circular potential well; Spherical potential well; Triangular potential well
The Coulomb potential admits continuum states (with E > 0), describing electron-proton scattering, as well as discrete bound states, representing the hydrogen atom. [31] It can also be derived within the non-relativistic limit between two charged particles, as follows:
The work function is not simply dependent on the "internal vacuum level" inside the material (i.e., its average electrostatic potential), because of the formation of an atomic-scale electric double layer at the surface. [7] This surface electric dipole gives a jump in the electrostatic potential between the material and the vacuum.
Electrostatic discharge while fueling with gasoline is a present danger at gas stations. [24] Fires have also been started at airports while refueling aircraft with kerosene. New grounding technologies, the use of conducting materials, and the addition of anti-static additives help to prevent or safely dissipate the buildup of static electricity.