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Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a neurological disorder which is characterized primarily by excessive sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). [1] Idiopathic hypersomnia was first described by Bedrich Roth in 1976, and it can be divided into two forms: polysymptomatic and monosymptomatic.
The test is based on the idea that the sleepier people are, the faster they will fall asleep. [15] [16] The Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) is also used to quantitatively assess daytime sleepiness. This test is performed in a sleep diagnostic center. The test is similar to the MSLT as it also relies on a measurement of initial sleep latency.
A multiple sleep latency test [clarification needed] is often conducted to quantify daytime sleepiness. [ 14 ] Cataplexy can sometimes be misdiagnosed as a seizure disorder , and people with narcolepsy are often misdiagnosed with other conditions such as psychiatric disorders or emotional problems , it can take years for someone to get the ...
Pediatric narcolepsy cases are cases when patients are diagnosed or experience symptoms onset for narcolepsy before the age of 18. Of patients who obtain a formal diagnosis for narcolepsy, more than 50% report first experiencing symptoms of narcolepsy more than 10 years before their formal diagnosis, with an average age of symptom onset being at age 15 and symptom onset most likely to occur ...
Patients with narcolepsy are diagnosed as either type 1 or type 2, with only the former presenting cataplexy symptoms. [59] Type 1 narcolepsy results from the loss of approximately 70,000 orexin -releasing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus , leading to significantly reduced cerebrospinal orexin levels; [ 60 ] [ 61 ] this reduction is a ...
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