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Specific models or approaches to both counselling supervision and clinical supervision come from different historical strands of thinking and beliefs about relationships between people. A few examples are given below. Peter Hawkins (1985 [30]) developed an integrative process model which is used internationally in a variety of helping professions.
Initially, the 3C-model was published as the "compensatory model of work motivation and volition". [9] The original title referred to one of the central assumptions of the model, namely that volition compensates for insufficient motivation. Because of the potential confusion with "worker compensation", however, the name was changed to "3C-model."
Motivation often comes in careers through compensation. Compensation can come socially, financially and in many other ways. Compensation can be a factor in work motivation. [7] Along with compensation in rewarding work through financial compensation, compensation through the failure and success of goals create motivation.
Emergent cyclical theory is more broad than just the well-known set of levels of existence, [1] and Graves considered the levels themselves to simply be artifacts of the theory. [9] E-C theory holds that new bio-psycho-social coping systems emerge within humans in response to the interplay of external life conditions or existential problems ...
A Theory of Achievement Motivation, By John William Atkinson and Norman T. Feather, Volume 6, Wiley, (1966), Krieger Pub Co (June 1, 1974), ISBN 0-88275-166-2 Motivation and Achievement , By John William Atkinson and Joel O. Raynor , Winston; [distributed by Halsted Press Division, New York] (1974) ISBN 0-470-03626-5 , ISBN 978-0-470-03626-6
Spiral Dynamics describes how value systems and worldviews emerge from the interaction of "life conditions" and the mind's capacities. [8] The emphasis on life conditions as essential to the progression through value systems is unusual among similar theories, and leads to the view that no level is inherently positive or negative, but rather is a response to the local environment, social ...
It argues that human motivation is largely intrinsic and that the aspects of this motivation can be divided into autonomy, mastery, and purpose. [1] He argues against old models of motivation driven by rewards and fear of punishment, dominated by extrinsic factors such as money. [2] [3]
Reversal theory is a structural, phenomenological theory of personality, motivation, and emotion in the field of psychology. [1] It focuses on the dynamic qualities of normal human experience to describe how a person regularly reverses between psychological states, reflecting their motivational style, the meaning they attach to a situation at a given time, and the emotions they experience.