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For groundwater "potentiometric surface" is a synonym of "piezometric surface" which is an imaginary surface that defines the level to which water in a confined aquifer would rise were it completely pierced with wells. [1] If the potentiometric surface lies above the ground surface, a flowing artesian well results.
The water table is the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure (where gauge pressure = 0). It may be visualized as the "surface" of the subsurface materials that are saturated with groundwater in a given vicinity. [2] The groundwater may be from precipitation or from groundwater flowing into the aquifer. In ...
Groundwater is water located beneath the earth's surface in pores and fractures of soil and rocks. [6] Hydraulic head (or piezometric head) is a specific measurement of the potential of water above a vertical datum. [7] It is the height of the free surface of water above a given point beneath the surface. [4]
[13]: 418 Rainfall and snowmelt enter the groundwater where the aquifer is near the surface. Groundwater flow directions can be determined from potentiometric surface maps of water levels in wells and springs. Aquifer tests and well tests can be used with Darcy's law flow equations to determine the ability of a porous aquifer to convey water.
Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is usually measured as a liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom) of a piezometer .
potentiometric surface See piezometric surface. pothole. Also pot, swirlhole, churn hole, evorsion, rock mill, and eddy mill. 1. Any smooth, bowl-shaped or cylindrical hollow, generally deeper than it is wide, that is carved into the rocky bed of a watercourse such as a stream or river. Fluvial potholes are created by the grinding action of ...
Hydraulic conductivity The rate of flow of water through a unit cross sectional area of an aquifer, at a unit hydraulic gradient. In US units the rate of flow is in gallons per day per square foot of cross sectional area; in SI units hydraulic conductivity is usually quoted in m 3 per day per m 2. Units are frequently shortened to metres per ...
In fact, since the potentiometric measurement is a non-destructive measurement, assuming that the electrode is in equilibrium with the solution, we are measuring the solution's potential. Potentiometry usually uses indicator electrodes made selectively sensitive to the ion of interest, such as fluoride in fluoride selective electrodes , so that ...