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Ascariasis is a disease caused by the parasitic roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. [1] Infections have no symptoms in more than 85% of cases, especially if the number of worms is small. [ 1 ] Symptoms increase with the number of worms present and may include shortness of breath and fever at the beginning of the disease. [ 1 ]
Ascaris lumbricoides is a large parasitic roundworm of the genus Ascaris. It is the most common parasitic worm in humans. [1] An estimated 807 million–1.2 billion people are infected with A. lumbricoides worldwide. [2] People living in tropical and subtropical countries are at greater risk of infection.
Ascaris is a nematode genus of parasitic worms known as the "small intestinal roundworms". [1] One species, Ascaris lumbricoides, affects humans and causes the disease ascariasis. Another species, Ascaris suum, typically infects pigs.
Ascaricides are drugs to treat ascariasis that is caused by infections with parasitic nematodes (roundworms) of the genus Ascaris (giant intestinal roundworms).The large roundworm of pigs (Ascaris suum) typically infects pigs while Ascaris lumbricoides affects human populations, typically in sub-tropical and tropical areas with poor sanitation.
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelmintic and antiprotozoal agent of the benzimidazole type. [3] It is used for the treatment of a variety of intestinal parasite infections, including ascariasis, pinworm infection, hookworm infection, trichuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, cutaneous larva migrans, giardiasis, and gnathostomiasis, among other diseases.
WHO recommends annual treatment in areas where between 20 and 50% of people are infected, and a twice-a-year treatment if it is over 50%; and in low-risk situations (i.e. less than 20% prevalence) case-by-case treatment. [17] [25] In addition to these, pyrantel pamoate is also equally effective on Ascaris.
A patient will ingest the eggs so the worms can colonize the caecum and colon of the human gut for a short period of time and provide treatment. The beneficial effect is temporary because the worms only live for a few weeks. Because of this short life span, treatments need to be repeated at intervals.
[21] [22] [23] In pigs and humans, Ascaris has been linked to lactose intolerance and vitamin A, amino acid, and fat malabsorption. [3] Impaired nutrient uptake may result from direct damage to the intestinal mucosal wall or from more subtle changes such as chemical imbalances and changes in gut flora. [24]