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Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces.. Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails. [10] [11] [12]Mucosal forms are those affecting the lining of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, anus), larynx, and other mucosal surfaces including the genitals, peritoneum, ears, nose, bladder and conjunctiva of the eyes.
"Lichen planus-like": Small red flat-topped scaly papules; It is most common that mucous membrane lesions of the oral cavity are presented first. They can involve the oropharynx, nasopharynx, tongue, and vermilion (red portion) of the lips. They are also known to develop in the conjunctiva of the eye, anogenital region, and esophagus.
Dr. Michael Chancellor, Lipella’s Chief Medical Officer and author of the paper, commented, “Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Traditional therapies, primarily topical corticosteroids, often lead to undesirable side effects with long-term use.
It has been proven to be effective in various inflammatory skin diseases, e.g., seborrheic dermatitis, [2] cutaneous lupus erythematosus, [3] oral lichen planus, [4] vitiligo, [5] and psoriasis. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are both calcineurin inhibitors and function as immunosuppressants.
The autoimmune reaction most commonly affects the oral mucosa in the mouth, causing lesions in the gums (gingiva), known as desquamative gingivitis.More severe cases can also affect areas of mucous membrane elsewhere in the body, such as the sinuses, genitals, anus, and cornea. [5]
Lichen planus Pterygium unguis (or dorsal pterygium [ 1 ] : 660 ) forms as a result of scarring between the proximal nailfold and matrix, with the classic example being lichen planus , though it has been reported to occur as a result of sarcoidosis and Hansen's disease .
Although the precise cause of the condition is unknown, as it is thought to be a variation of lichen planus, cell-mediated immunity—a type of immune system—may be a crucial factor in the development of the disease's clinical manifestation. [3]
The side effects of corticosteroids may require the use of so-called steroid-sparing or adjuvant drugs. One of the most dangerous side effects of high-dosage steroid treatments is intestinal perforations, [citation needed] which may lead to sepsis. Steroids and other medications being taken to treat pemphigus may also mask the effects of the ...