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  2. Isothermal transformation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal_transformation...

    Isothermal transformation diagrams (also known as time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams) are plots of temperature versus time (usually on a logarithmic scale). They are generated from percentage transformation-vs time measurements, and are useful for understanding the transformations of an alloy steel at elevated temperatures.

  3. File:TTT diagram-20201210-isothermal transformations in ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TTT_diagram-20201210...

    English: TTT diagram of the isothermal transformations of a hypoeutectoid carbon steel, together with its relationship with the Fe-C phase diagram of carbon steels. Without exact values, only for educational purposes.

  4. Austempering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austempering

    [1] [3] Commercial use of bainitic steel thus came about as a result of the development of new heat-treating methods, with those that involve a step in which the workpiece is held at a fixed temperature for a period of time sufficient to allow transformation becoming collectively known as austempering.

  5. Heat treating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_treating

    Time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram for steel. The red curves represent different cooling rates (velocity) when cooled from the upper critical (A3) temperature. V1 (quenching) produces martensite. V2 (normalizing) produces both pearlite and martensite, V3 (annealing) produces bainite mixed with pearlite.

  6. Tempering (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempering_(metallurgy)

    Steel with a high carbon content will reach a much harder state than steel with a low carbon content. Likewise, tempering high-carbon steel to a certain temperature will produce steel that is considerably harder than low-carbon steel that is tempered at the same temperature. The amount of time held at the tempering temperature also has an effect.

  7. Thermodynamic databases for pure substances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_databases...

    However, since any non-normal condition could be chosen as a standard state, it must be defined in the context of use. A physical standard state is one that exists for a time sufficient to allow measurements of its properties. The most common physical standard state is one that is stable thermodynamically (i.e., the normal one).

  8. Continuous cooling transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_cooling...

    There are two types of continuous cooling diagrams drawn for practical purposes. Type 1: This is the plot beginning with the transformation start point, cooling with a specific transformation fraction and ending with a transformation finish temperature for all products against transformation time for each cooling curve.

  9. File:CCT curve steel.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CCT_curve_steel.svg

    2009-04-01 07:40 Slinky Puppet 607×404 (23247 bytes) Illustration of a continuous cooling transformation diagram for steel. Created by Slinky Puppet. Created by Slinky Puppet. Captions