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Dermacentor variabilis, also known as the American dog tick or wood tick, is a species of tick that is known to carry bacteria responsible for several diseases in humans, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia (Francisella tularensis). It is one of the best-known hard ticks. Diseases are spread when it sucks blood from the host.
Hosts of Dermacentor ticks include many large and small mammals, including horses, deer, cattle, lagomorphs, peccaries, porcupines, tapirs, desert bighorn sheep, and humans. [2] The American dog tick (D. variabilis) is a member of the genus. [3]
The lifecycle of Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor andersoni ticks (family Ixodidae) American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) range Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) range. Ticks are the natural hosts of the disease, serving as both reservoirs and vectors of R. rickettsii. Ticks transmit the bacteria primarily by their bites.
Woodtick or wood tick is the common name for several ticks, including: Dermacentor variabilis, also known as the American dog tick; Dermacentor andersoni, ...
The American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), mainly found in the eastern United States, is the most common vector for R. rickettsii. The Rocky Mountain wood tick ( Dermacentor andersoni ), found in the Rocky Mountain States, and the brown dog tick ( Rhipicephalus sanguineus ) , found in select areas of the southern United States, are also ...
Many other types of ticks may feed on the cats, but the only other tick that has been shown to transmit the organism is the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) but only in a research setting. [2] [5] [10] In the past, domestic cats were thought to always die from infection so they were considered terminal hosts or "dead end hosts". [4]
Dogs are at risk from severe infection with Ba. canis and its subspecies, transmitted by the dog ticks R. sanguineus, D. reticulatus, and Ha. leachi. Domestic cats become infected with Ba. felis and Ba. cati from feeding ticks. Cytauxzoon felis is a protozoan related to Babesia and Theileria.
Ticks are external parasites, living by feeding on the blood of mammals, birds, and sometimes reptiles and amphibians. The timing of the origin of ticks is uncertain, though the oldest known tick fossils are from the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years old. Ticks are widely distributed around the world, especially in warm, humid climates.