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Military psychology is a specialization within psychology that applies psychological ... and clinical psychology. [37] During World War II, the Army General ...
The Psychological Warfare Division of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (PWD/SHAEF or SHAEF/PWD) was a joint Anglo-American organization set-up in World War II tasked with conducting (predominantly) white tactical psychological warfare against German troops and recently liberated countries in Northwest Europe, during and after D-Day.
During World War II, the diagnosis for shell shock was replaced with combat stress reaction. [6] [2] [3] These diagnoses resulted from soldiers being in combat for long periods of time. [2] There was some skepticism surrounding this diagnosis as some military leadership, including George S. Patton did not believe "battle fatigue" to be real. [2]
However, as World War II progressed there was a profound rise in stress casualties from 1% of hospitalizations in 1935 to 6% in 1942. [ citation needed ] Another German psychiatrist reported after the war that during the last two years, about a third of all hospitalizations at Ensen were due to war neurosis.
The painting, a 1944 portrait of a nameless Marine at the Battle of Peleliu, is now held by the United States Army Center of Military History in Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C. [5] About the real-life Marine who was his subject, Lea said: He left the States 31 months ago. He was wounded in his first campaign. He has had tropical diseases.
In World War II and beyond, the diagnosis of "shell shock" was replaced by that of combat stress reaction, which is a similar but not identical response to the trauma of warfare and bombardment. Despite medical alerts, long-term trouble was disregarded as a cowardice and weakness of mind by military leadership. [5]
Psychological warfare (PSYWAR), or the basic aspects of modern psychological operations (PsyOp), has been known by many other names or terms, including Military Information Support Operations (), Psy Ops, political warfare, "Hearts and Minds", and propaganda.
In fact, the interest in PSYOP went all the way up to the Presidency; weekly reports from JUSPAO were sent to the White House, as well as to the Pentagon and the Ambassador in Saigon. In sum, it is a myth that the United States, stubbornly fixated on a World War II-style conventional war, was unaware of the "other war." [7] Safe conduct pass.