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  2. Inventory valuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory_valuation

    To record purchases, the periodic system debits the Purchases account while the perpetual system debits the Merchandise Inventory account. To record sales, the perpetual system requires an extra entry to debit the Cost of goods sold and credit Merchandise Inventory. By recording the cost of goods sold for each sale, the perpetual inventory ...

  3. Debits and credits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debits_and_credits

    A decrease to the bank's liability account is a debit. From the bank's point of view, when a credit card is used to pay a merchant, the payment causes an increase in the amount of money the bank is owed by the cardholder. From the bank's point of view, your credit card account is the bank's asset. An increase to the bank's asset account is a debit.

  4. Chart of accounts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart_of_accounts

    A liability is a present obligation of an entity to transfer an economic benefit (CF E37). Common examples of liability accounts include accounts payable, deferred revenue, bank loans, bonds payable and lease obligations. Equity accounts are used to recognize ownership equity. The terms equity [for profit enterprise] or net assets [not-for ...

  5. Cost of goods sold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_goods_sold

    Costs of specific goods acquired or made are added to a pool of costs for the type of goods. Under this system, the business may maintain costs under FIFO but track an offset in the form of a LIFO reserve. Such reserve (an asset or contra-asset) represents the difference in cost of inventory under the FIFO and LIFO assumptions.

  6. FIFO and LIFO accounting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFO_and_LIFO_accounting

    FIFO and LIFO accounting are methods used in managing inventory and financial matters involving the amount of money a company has to have tied up within inventory of produced goods, raw materials, parts, components, or feedstocks. They are used to manage assumptions of costs related to inventory, stock repurchases (if purchased at different ...

  7. Expense account - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expense_account

    The normal expense account balance is a debit. [3] In order to understand why expenses are debited, it is relevant to note the accounting equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity. [ 4 ] Expenses show up under the equity portion of the equation because equity is common stock plus retained earnings and retained earnings are revenues minus expenses ...

  8. Balance sheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_sheet

    In financial accounting, a balance sheet (also known as statement of financial position or statement of financial condition) is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as government or not-for-profit entity.

  9. General ledger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_ledger

    Because each bookkeeping entry debits one account and credits another account in an equal amount, the double-entry bookkeeping system helps ensure that the general ledger is always in balance, thus maintaining the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + (Shareholder's or Owner's equity). [10] [5]