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Gynaecomastia is the proliferation of benign male glandular breast tissue. It may be unilateral or bilateral, painful, or asymptomatic. Gynaecomastia results from relative oestrogen excess or relative testosterone deficiency resulting in a high oestrogen-to-testosterone ratio. Physiological gynaecomastia occurs in the newborn period, during ...
Gynecomastia is the proliferation of benign male glandular breast tissue. It may be unilateral or bilateral, painful, or asymptomatic. Gynecomastia results from relative estrogen excess or relative testosterone deficiency resulting in a high estrogen-to-testosterone ratio. Physiologic gynecomastia occurs in the newborn period, during puberty ...
Prolactinomas represent approximately 50% of all pituitary adenomas, with a female preponderance. Women usually present with amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Men may present with sexual dysfunction, hypogonadism, and sometimes gynecomastia, all related to the hyperprolactinemia. Premenopausal women present earlier due to menstrual irregularity and ...
Definition. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a sex chromosome aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome number) that is defined by the presence of an extra X chromosome. [1] [2] [3] Around 90% of individuals with KS have the 47,XXY karyotype (47 chromosomes, with an extra X), with the remainder having mosaic karyotypes such as 46,XY/47,XXY (i.e., the extra X ...
Hypogonadism in men may present with reproductive/sexual clinical features (e.g., incomplete pubertal development, infertility, gynecomastia), as well as nonreproductive features (e.g., fatigue, osteoporosis, loss of motivation or concentration, irritability, low or labile mood, body image concerns). Patients may have additional symptoms due to ...
Nonfunctional pituitary macroadenomas typically come to medical attention with features of mass effect such as headaches, visual field deficits, hypopituitarism, and rarely cranial nerve palsies. A modest elevation of prolactin may occur in CNFPAs due to compression of the pituitary stalk and interruption of intrinsic dopaminergic tone.
Summary. Prolactinomas represent approximately 50% of all pituitary adenomas, with a female preponderance. Women usually present with amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea. Men may present with sexual dysfunction, hypogonadism, and sometimes gynaecomastia, all related to the hyperprolactinaemia. Premenopausal women present earlier due to menstrual ...
Ginecomastia é a proliferação de tecido mamário glandular benigno em homens. Pode ser unilateral ou bilateral, dolorosa ou assintomática.
Hypogonadism in men may present with reproductive/sexual clinical features (e.g., incomplete pubertal development, infertility, gynaecomastia), as well as non-reproductive features (e.g., fatigue, osteoporosis, loss of motivation or concentration, irritability, low or labile mood, body image concerns). Patients may have additional symptoms due ...
Cirrhosis is a diffuse pathologic process, characterized by fibrosis and conversion of normal liver architecture to structurally abnormal nodules known as regenerative nodules. [1] It can arise from a variety of causes and is the final stage of any chronic liver disease. It can lead to portal hypertension, liver failure, and hepatocellular ...