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  2. Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to...

    Section 2 provides a mechanism for filling a vacancy in the vice presidency. Before the Twenty-fifth Amendment, a vice-presidential vacancy continued until a new vice president took office at the start of the next presidential term; the vice presidency had become vacant several times due to death, resignation, or succession to the presidency, and these vacancies had often lasted several years.

  3. Gideon v. Wainwright - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_v._Wainwright

    Betts v. Brady (1942) Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own. The case extended the right to counsel, which had been found ...

  4. Brady v. Maryland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_v._Maryland

    Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that under the Due Process Clause of the Constitution of the United States, the prosecution must turn over to a criminal defendant any significant evidence in its possession that suggests the defendant is not guilty (exculpatory evidence).

  5. Abington School District v. Schempp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abington_School_District_v...

    Abington School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963), [1] was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court decided 8–1 in favor of the respondent, Edward Schempp, on behalf of his son Ellery Schempp, and declared that school-sponsored Bible reading and the recitation of the Lord's Prayer in public schools in the United States was unconstitutional.

  6. Miranda v. Arizona - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_v._Arizona

    Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that law enforcement in the United States must warn a person of their constitutional rights before interrogating them, or else the person's statements cannot be used as evidence at their trial.

  7. Griswold v. Connecticut - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griswold_v._Connecticut

    Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Constitution of the United States protects the liberty of married couples to use contraceptives without government restriction. [1] The case involved a Connecticut "Little Comstock Act" that prohibited any person ...

  8. Engblom v. Carey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engblom_v._Carey

    Engblom v. Carey, 677 F.2d 957 (2d Cir. 1982), is a landmark decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit interpreting the Third Amendment to the United States Constitution for the first time. It is notable for being one of the few significant court decisions to interpret the Third Amendment prohibition of quartering ...

  9. Engel v. Vitale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel_v._Vitale

    Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to violation of the First Amendment. [1]