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The JND formula has an objective interpretation (implied at the start of this entry) as the disparity between levels of the presented stimulus that is detected on 50% of occasions by a particular observed response, [3] rather than what is subjectively "noticed" or as a difference in magnitudes of consciously experienced 'sensations'.
An example of this practice is in Australia, where 5 cents has been the smallest denomination coin since 1992, but pricing at .98 or .99 on items under several hundred dollars is still almost universally applied (e.g.: $1.99–299.99), while goods on sale often price at .94 and its variations. Finland and the Netherlands were the first two ...
All superlative indices produce similar results and are generally the favored formulas for calculating price indices. [14] A superlative index is defined technically as "an index that is exact for a flexible functional form that can provide a second-order approximation to other twice-differentiable functions around the same point."
If a candy bar originally cost $1.99, then there is apparently little difference in making the new price $2.05 or even $2.25. The logic behind the move is that while some potential buyers will be lost by the increase in price beyond the threshold, those that stay will not notice the difference in prices between thresholds.
The justified P/S ratio is calculated as the price-to-sales ratio based on the Gordon Growth Model. Thus, it is the price-to-sales ratio based on the company's fundamentals rather than . Here, g is the sustainable growth rate as defined below and r is the required rate of return. [1]
An example is the performance advantage attributed to golf rounds where a player is under par (or in a disadvantage) compared to other rounds where a player is at an advantage. [37] Clearly, the difference could be attributed to increased attention in the former type of rounds. 2010s studies suggested that loss aversion mostly occur for very ...
A cost-performance ratio with a positive value (i.e. greater than 1) indicates that costs are running under budget. [3] A negative value (i.e. less than 1) indicates that costs are running over budget. [3] However, a neutral cost-performance ratio (between 1.0 and 1.9) could suggest a certain degree of stagnation in the budget.
Performance is an abstract concept and must be represented by concrete, measurable goals or objectives. For example, baseball athlete performance is abstract as it covers many different types of activities. Batting average is a concrete measure of a particular performance attribute for a particular game role, batting, for the game of baseball.