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The book traces the origins of the idea of individual differences in general mental ability to 19th century researchers Herbert Spencer and Francis Galton. Charles Spearman is credited for inventing factor analysis in the early 20th century, which enabled statistical testing of the hypothesis that general mental ability is required in all mental efforts.
The g factor [a] is a construct developed in psychometric investigations of cognitive abilities and human intelligence.It is a variable that summarizes positive correlations among different cognitive tasks, reflecting the assertion that an individual's performance on one type of cognitive task tends to be comparable to that person's performance on other kinds of cognitive tasks.
Throughout the duration of a motor task, an efference copy is fed into a forward model known as a dynamics predictor whose output allows prediction of the motor output. When applying adaptive control theory techniques to motor control, efference copy is used in indirect control schemes as the input to the reference model.
The subsequent formulation was that the magnitude of the black-white difference on tests of cognitive ability is entirely or mainly a function of the extent to which a test measures general mental ability, or g. [2] Spearman's hypothesis has been criticized on methodological and empirical grounds. It has also been used to support scientific racism.
The existence of motor equivalence, i.e., the ability to perform the same action in multiple ways for instance using different muscles or the same muscles under different conditions. This suggests that a general code specifying the final output exists which is translated into specific muscle action sequences
There is a correlation in mental rotation and motor ability in children, and this connection is especially strong in boys ages 7–8. The study showed that there is considerable overlap between spatial reasoning and athletic ability, even among young children. [21]
In neuroscience and motor control, the degrees of freedom problem or motor equivalence problem states that there are multiple ways for humans or animals to perform a movement in order to achieve the same goal. In other words, under normal circumstances, no simple one-to-one correspondence exists between a motor problem (or task) and a motor ...
The Tactual Performance Test (TPT) is a neuropsychological test that attempts to measure motor abilities and the recall of motor stimuli. This test requires the use of a blindfold, which taxes subsystems involved in motor and motor-memory. [1] The TPT is also included in the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. [2]