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Although complications during anesthesia are rare, potentially life-threatening consequences may occur if an anaphylactic reaction develops. The severity of the reaction whilst under anesthesia is because the anesthetist is only made aware of the allergy when it is severe enough to compromise the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction of rapid onset affecting many body systems. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] It is due to the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines from mast cells and basophils , typically due to an immunologic reaction but sometimes non-immunologic mechanism.
Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) typically occurs in persons with preexisting kidney failure. [3]: 119 Weeks to months after allopurinol is begun, the patient develops a morbilliform eruption [3]: 119 or, less commonly, develops one of the far more serious and potentially lethal severe cutaneous adverse reactions viz., the DRESS syndrome, Stevens Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal ...
Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a term referring to one of two types of mast cell activation disorder (MCAD); the other type is idiopathic MCAD. [1] MCAS is an immunological condition in which mast cells, a type of white blood cell, inappropriately and excessively release chemical mediators, such as histamine, resulting in a range of chronic symptoms, sometimes including anaphylaxis or ...
Anesthetic risk factors include the use of volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide (N 2 O), opioids, and longer duration of anesthesia. Patient factors that confer increased risk for PONV include female gender, obesity , age less than 16 years, past history of motion sickness or chemotherapy-induced nausea, high levels of preoperative anxiety , and ...
The symptoms of DRESS syndrome usually begin 2 to 6 weeks but uncommonly up to 8–16 weeks after exposure to an offending drug. Symptoms generally include fever, an often itchy rash which may be morbilliform or consist mainly of macules or plaques, facial edema (i.e. swelling, which is a hallmark of the disease), enlarged and sometimes painful lymph nodes, and other symptoms due to ...
However, a subgroup of patients may become hypothyroid as part of an autoimmune thyroiditis up to 2 months after the initiation of symptoms. [1] This kind of adverse drug reaction is caused by the accumulation of toxic metabolites; it is not the result of an IgE-mediated reaction. The risk of first-degree relatives developing the same ...
The effects are varied depending on the particular drug given. When anesthetists administer standard doses of these anesthetic drugs to a person with pseudocholinesterase deficiency, the patient experiences prolonged paralysis of the respiratory muscles, requiring an extended period of time during which the patient must be mechanically ventilated.